Information on Erectile Dysfunction

Information on Erectile Dysfunction: Overview

Atlas of Male Sexual Dysfunction. Edited by Tom Lue MD. Current Medicine, 2004

Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Male Erectile Dysfunction. Tom Lue MD. Handbooks In Health Care Company, 2005

Information on Erectile Dysfunction and BPH

Atlas of Clinical Urology (the Prostate). Edited by E. Darracott Vaughan MD. Current Medicine, 1999.

Baniel, J et al. Sexual Function in 131 Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia before Prostatectomy. Eur Urol, 38: 53, 2000

Barry, MJ et al. The American Urological Association symptom index for benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Measurement Committee of the American Urological Association. .Journal of Urology, 148: 1549, 1992

Beduschi, M.C., Oesterling.JE.: Transurethral Needle Ablation of the Prostate: A Minimally Invasive Treatment for Symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 73: 696, 1998

Birkhoff, JD et al. Natural history of benign prostatic hypertrophy and acute urinary retention. Urology, 7: 48, 1976

Boyle, P et al. Prostate volume predicts out­come of treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia with finesteride: Meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Urology, 48: 398, 1996

Braun, M et al. Epidemiology of erectile dysfunction: results of the “Cologne Male Survey”. International Journal of Impotence Research, 12: 305,2000

Braun, MH et al. Lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction: co-morbidity or typical ”Aging Male” symp­toms? Results of the “Cologne Male Survey.” European Urology, 44: 588, 2003

Burger, B., Weidner. W., Altwein, J.E.: Prostate and Sexuality: An Overview. European Urologv, 35: 177, 1999

Carraro, JC et al. Comparison of phytotherapy (Permixon) with finesteride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyper­plasia: a randomized international study of 1,098 patients. Prostate, 29: 231, 1996

Cohen, N{ et al. TURP can improve your sex life. .Journal of Urology, 165 (suppl 5): 366, 2001

Dahlstrand, C et al. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy versus transurethral resection for symptomatic benign prostatic obstruction: A prospective randomized study with a 2-year follow-up. British Journal of Urology, 76: 614,1995

Ernst, E.: Harmless Herbs? American Journal of Medicine, 104: 170, 1998

Feldman, HA et al. Impotence and its medical and psychological correlates: results of the Massachusetts male aging study. Journal of Urology, 151: 54, 1994

Girman, CJ et al. Association of health­ related quality of life and benign prostatic enlargement. European Urology, 35:277,1999

Girman, CJ et al. Health-related quality of life associated with lower urinary tract symptoms in four countries. Urology, 51:428, 1998

Hansen, B. L.: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual function in both sexes. European Urology, 46: 229, 2004

Plosker, G. L., Brogden, R.N.: Serenoa repens (Permixon). A review of its pharmacology and therapeutic efficacy in benign prostatic hyperplasia.  Drugs Aging, 9: 379, 1996

Sairam, K et al. Sildenafil influences lower urinary tract symptoms. BJU Int, 90: 836, 2002

Schiff, J. S., Mulhall, J.P.: The Link between LUTS and ED: Basic And Clinical Scientific Evidence. Journal of Andrology, 25: 470, 2004
Vallancien, G., Emberton, M., Harving, N. et al.: Sexual dysfunction in 1,274 European men suffering from lower urinary tract symptoms. Journal of Urology, 169: 2257,2003

Wasson, JH et al.: A comparison of transurethral surgery with watchful waiting for moderate symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Transurethral Resection of the Prostate. New England Journal Of Medicine, 332: 75, 1995

Wilt, TJ et al.: Saw palmetto extracts for treat­ment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 280: 1604, 1998

Zlotta, A. R., Schulman, C.C.: BPH and Sexuality. European Urology, 36(suppl 1): 107,1999

Information on Erectile Dysfunction and Treatment Options

Dr. Peter Scardino’s Prostate Book. Chapter 12. Avery, 2005 Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Nomogram website. www.mskcc.org/mskcc/html/10088.cfm

Begg, CB et al.: Variations in morbidity after radical prostatectomy. New England Journal of Medicine, 346: 1138, 2002

Bianco, FJ et al. Radical prostatectomy nomograms in black American men: accuracy and applicability. Journal of Urology, 170: 73, 2003

Cagiannos, I et al.: A preoperative nomo­gram identifying decreased risk of positive pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 170: 1798, 2003

Chun, FK et al. Prostate cancer nomo­grams: an update. European Urology, 50: 914,2006

D’Amico, AV et al. Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or interstitial radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. Journal of The American Medical Association, 280: 969, 1998

Di Blasio, CJ et al. Predicting clinical end points: treatment nomograms in prostate cancer. Seminars in Oncology, 30: 567, 2003

Di Blasio, C. J., Kattan, M. W.: Use of nomograms to predict the risk of dis­ease recurrence after definitive local therapy for prostate cancer. Urology, 62 Suppl 1: 9, 2003

Fleming, C., Wasson, J. H., Albertsen, P. C. et al.: A decision analysis of alternative treatment strategies for clinically localized prostate cancer. Prostate Patient Outcomes Research Team. Journal of the American Medical Association, 269: 2650, 1993

Fryback, D. G., Albertsen, P. C., Storer, B. E.: Prostatectomy and sur­vival among men with clinically localized prostate cancer.  Journal of the American Medical Association, 276: 1723, 1996

Gomella, LG et al. The use of video ­based patient education for shared decision-making in the treatment of prostate cancer. Seminars in Urologic Oncology, 18: 182,2000

Graefen, M et al.: A validation of two preoperative nomograms predicting recurrence following radical prosta­tectomy in a cohort of European men. Urologic Oncology, 7: 141,2002

Graefen, M et al. Assessment of the enhancement in predictive accuracy provided by systematic biopsy in predicting outcome for clinically localized prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 171: 200, 2004

Hamilton, S et al. Health outcomes after external-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 19: 2517, 2001

Holmberg, L et al. A randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 347: 781, 2002

Kattan, M. W.: Nomograms are superior to staging and risk grouping systems for identifying high-risk patients: preoperative application in prostate cancer. Current Opinion in Urology, 13: 111, 2003

Kattan, M. W.: Nomograms Are Difficult to Beat. European Urology, 2007

Kattan, MW et al. Counseling men with prostate cancer: a nomogram for predicting the presence of small, moderately differentiated, confined tumors. Journal of Urology, 170: 1792, 2003

Kattan, M. W., Scardino, P. T.: Prediction of progression: nomograms of clinical utility. Clinical Prostate Cancer, 1: 90, 2002

Kattan, M. W., Scardino, P. T.: Evidence for the usefulness of nomograms. Nature Clinical Practice Urology, 4: 638, 2007

Kattan, M. W., Zelefsky, M. J., Kupelian, P. A. et al.: Pretreatment nomogram that predicts 5-year probability of metastasis following three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21: 4568, 2003

Koh, H., Kattan, M. W., Scardino, P. T. et al.: A nomogram to predict seminal vesicle invasion by the extent and location of cancer in systematic biopsy results. Journal of Urology 170: 1203, 2003

Nam, RK et al. Assessing individual risk for prostate cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25: 3582, 2007

Ohori, M et al.: Predicting the presence and side of extracapsular extension: a nomogram for staging prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 171: 1844, 2004

Onel, E et al. Assessment of the feasibility and impact of shared decision-making in prostate cancer. Urology, 51: 63, 1998

Roach, M et al.: Defining high risk prostate cancer with risk groups and nomograms:  implications for designing clinical trials. Journal of Urology, 176: S16, 2006

Ross, PL et al.: Comparisons of nomograms and urologists’ predictions in prostate cancer.  Seminars in Urologic Oncology, 20: 82, 2002

Stephenson, AJet al.: Preoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 98: 715, 2006

Information on Erectile Dysfunction and Prostate Surgery

Aboseif, S et al.: Role of penile vascular injury in erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. Br J Urol, 73: 75, 1994

Ahlering, T. E., Eichel, L., Chou, D. et al.: Feasibility study for robotic radical prostatectomy cautery-free neurovascular bundle preservation. Urology, 65: 994, 2005

Ahlering, T. E., Eichel, L., Edwards, R. et al.: Impact of obesity on clinical outcomes in robotic prostatectomy. Urology, 65: 740, 2005

Anastasiadis, A. G., Salomon, L., Katz, R. et al.: Radical retropubic versus laparoscopic prostatectomy: a prospective comparison of functional outcome. Urology, 62: 292, 2003

Arredondo, SA et al. Impact of comorbidity on health-related quality of life in men undergoing radical prostatectomy: data from CaPSURE. Urology, 67: 559, 2006

Badani, K. K., Kaul, S., Menon, M.: Evolution of robotic radical prostatectomy: assessment after 2,766 procedures. Cancer, 110: 1951, 2007

Bates, TS et al. Prevalence and impact of incontinence and impotence following total prostatectomy assessed anonymously by the ICS-male questionnaire. European Urology, 33: 165, 1998

Begg, CB et al. Variations in morbidity after radical prostatectomy. New England Journal of Medicine 346: 1138, 2002

Bianco, FJ et al. PSA velocity and prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine, 351: 1800, 2004

Bianco, FJ et al. Radical prostatectomy nomograms in black American men: accuracy and applicability. Journal of Urology, 170: 73, 2003

Bianco, FJ et al. Radical prostatectomy: long-term cancer control and recovery of sexual and urinary function (“trifecta”). Urology, 66: 83, 2005

Borden, L. S., Jr., Kozlowski, P. M., Porter, C. R. et al.: Mechanical failure rate of da Vinci robotic system. Canadian Journal of Urology, 14: 3499, 2007

Breza, J et al. Detailed anatomy of penile neurovascular structures: surgical significance. Journal of Urology, 141: 437, 1989

Burnett, A. L.: Rationale for cavernous nerve restorative therapy to preserve erectile function after radical prostatectomy. Urology, 61: 491, 2003

Burnett, A. L.: Neuroprotection and nerve grafts in the treatment of neurogenic erectile dysfunction. Journal of Urology, 170: S31, 2003

Chang SS, P. M., Smith JA Jr.: Intraoperative nerve stimulation predicts postoperative potency. Urology, 58: 594, 2001

Cooperberg, MR et al. The contemporary management of prostate cancer in the United States: lessons from the cancer of the prostate strategic urologic research endeavor (CapSURE), a national disease registry. J Urol, 171: 1393, 2004

Costello, A. J.: Beyond marketing: the real value of robotic radical prostatectomy. BJU International, 96: 1, 2005

Eggener, S. E., Scardino, P. T., Carroll, P. R. et al.: Focal therapy for localized prostate cancer: a critical appraisal of rationale and modalities. Journal of Urology, 178: 2260, 2007

Eggener, S. E., Yossepowitch, O., Serio, A. M. et al.: Radical prostatectomy shortly after prostate biopsy does not affect operative difficulty or efficacy. Urology, 69: 1128, 2007

Ficarra, V., Cavalleri, S., Novara, G. et al.: Evidence from robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a systematic review. European Urology, 51: 45, 2007

Fowler, F. J., Barry, M.J., Lu-Yao, G., et al.: Patient-reported complications and follow-up treatment after radical prostatectomy.  The national medicare experience: 1988-1990 (updated June 1993). Urology, 42: 622, 1993

Goeman, L., Salomon, L., La De Taille, A. et al.: Long-term functional and oncological results after retroperitoneal laparoscopic prostatectomy according to a prospective evaluation of 550 patients.  World Journal of Urology, 24: 281, 2006

Greenlee, R. T., Murray, T., Bolden, S., Wingo, P. A.: Cancer statistics 2006. Ca: a Cancer Journal for Clinician, 2006

Guillonneau, B.: To demonstrate the benefits of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. European Urology, 50: 1160, 2006

Guillonneau, B. D.: Laparoscopic versus robotic radical prostatectomy. Nature Clinical Practice Urology, 2: 60, 2005

Martinez-Salamanca, J. I., Rao, S., Ramanathan, R. et al.: Nerve advancement with end-to-end reconstruction after partial neurovascular bundle resection: a feasibility study. Journal of EndoUrology, 21: 830, 2007

Masterson, TA et al. Recovery of erectile function after salvage radical prostatectomy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy. Urology, 66: 623, 2005

Mayer, EK et al. Robotic prostatectomy: the first UK experience. International Journal of Medical Robotics, 2: 321, 2006

Menon, M et al. Vattikuti Institute prostatectomy: contemporary technique and analysis of results. European Urology, 51: 648, 2007

Mikhail, AA et al. Sural nerve grafting in robotic laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: interim report. Journal of EndoUrology, 21: 1547, 2007

Mulhall, J. P.: Deciphering erectile dysfunction drug trials. Journal of Urology 170: 353, 2003

Mulhall, J. P.: Cavernous nerve stimulation and interposition grafting: a critical assessment and future perspectives. Reviews in Urology, 7 Suppl 2: S18, 2005

Mulhall, J. P., Graydon, R. J.: The hemodynamics of erectile dysfunction following nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. International Journal of Impotence Research, 8: 91, 1996

Mulhall, J. P., Montorsi, F.: Evaluation preference trials of oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction. European Urology, 49: 30, 2006

Mulhall, J. P., Secin, F. P., Guillonneau, B.: Artery Sparing Radical Prostatectomy—Myth or Reality? Journal of Urology, 2008

Myers, R. P.: Radical prostatectomy: pertinent surgical anatomy. Urologic Clinics of North America., 2: 1, 1994

Nosnik, I. P., Gan, T. J., Moul, J. W.: Open radical retropubic prostatectomy 2007: the true minimally invasive surgery for localized prostate cancer? Expert Reviews in Anticancer Therapy, 7: 1309, 2007

Polascik, T. J., Walsh, P. C.: Radical retropubic prostatectomy: the influence of accessory pudendal arteries on the recovery of sexual function. Journal of Urology, 154: 150, 1995

Quinlan, D. M., Nelson, R. J., Walsh, P. C.: Cavernous nerve grafts restore erectile function in denervated rats.  Journal of Urology, 145: 380, 1991

Rabbani, F., Stapleton, A.M.F, Kattan, M. W., et al.: Factors predicting recovery of erections after radical prostatectomy. Journal of Urology, 1929, 2000

Ramanathan, R., Mulhall, J., Rao, S. et al.: Predictive correlation between the International Index of Erectile function (IIEF) and Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM): implications for calculating a derived SHIM for clinical use. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4: 1336, 2007

Rocco, B., Djavan, B.: Robotic prostatectomy: fact or fiction? Lancet, 3: 723, 2007

Rozet, F et al.: Extraperitoneal laparoscopy radical prostatectomy: a prospective evaluation of 600 cases. Journal of Urology, 174: 908, 2005

Sala, E et al.: Endorectal MR imaging in evaluation of seminal vesicle invasion: diagnostic accuracy and multivariate feature analysis. Radiology, 238: 929, 2006

Saranchuk, JW et al. Achieving optimal outcomes after radical prostatectomy. J Clin Oncol, 23: 4146, 2005

Scardino, P.: Update: NCCN prostate cancer Clinical Practice Guidelines. National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 3 Suppl 1: S29, 2005

Scardino, P. T., Kim, E. D.: Rationale for and results of nerve grafting and radical prostatectomy. Urology, 57: 1016, 2001

Scardino, P. T.: Intoxicated by technology: are we keeping our eyes on the prize? Nature Clinical Practice Urology, 4: 231, 2007

Secin, FP et al. Bilateral cavernous nerve interposition grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. Journal of Urology, 177: 664, 2007

Secin, FP et al. Anatomy and preservation of accessory pudendal arteries in laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. European Urology 51: 1229, 2007

Siegal, R et al. The development of erectile dysfunction in men treated for prostate cancer. Journal of Urology 165: 43, 2001

Tal, R., Mulhall, J. P.: Sexual health issues in men with cancer. Oncology (Williston Park), 20: 294, 2006

Teloken, P., Valenzuela, R., Parker, M. et al.: The correlation between erectile function and patient satisfaction. Journal of Sexual Medicine 4: 472, 2007

Touijer, K., Guillonneau, B.: Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a critical analysis of surgical quality. European Urology, 49: 625, 2006

Van der Aa, F., Joniau, S., De Ridder, D. et al.: Potency after unilateral nerve sparing surgery: a report on functional and oncological results of unilateral nerve sparing surgery. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Disorder, 6: 61, 2003

Vickers, A. J., Bianco, F. J., Jr., Boorjian, S. et al.: Does a delay between diagnosis and radical prostatectomy increase the risk of disease recurrence? Cancer, 106: 576, 2006

Vickers, AJ et al. The surgical learning curve for prostate cancer control after radical prostatectomy. National Cancer Institute, 99: 1171, 2007

Walsh, PC et al. Patient-reported urinary continence and sexual function after anatomic radical prostatectomy. Urology, 55: 58, 2000

Walsh, P. C.: Nerve grafts are rarely necessary and are unlikely to improve sexual function in men undergoing anatomic radical prostatectomy. Urology, 57: 1020, 2001

Walsh, P. C.: The discovery of the cavernous nerves and development of nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. J Urol, 177: 1632, 2007

Walsh, PC et al. Efficacy of first-generation Cavermap to verify location and function of cavernous nerves during radical prostatectomy: a multi-institutional evaluation by experienced surgeons. Urology, 57: 491, 2001

Yossepowitch, O et al. Radical prostatectomy for clinically localized, high-risk prostate cancer: critical analysis of risk assessment methods. Journal of Urology 178: 493, 2007

Zorn, KC et al. Da Vinci robot error and failure rates: single institution experience on a single three-arm robot unit of more than 700 consecutive robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomies.  Journal of EndoUrology, 21: 1341, 2007

Information on Erectile Dysfunction and Radiation Therapy

al-Abany, M et al.: Improving the preservation of erectile function after external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Radiotherapy Oncology, 57: 201, 2000

Albert, M et al.: Late genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity after magnetic resonance image-guided prostate brachytherapy with or without neoadjuvant external beam radiation therapy. Cancer, 98: 949, 2003

Krisch, E. B., Koprowski, C. D.: Deciding on radiation therapy for prostate cancer: the physician’s perspective. Seminars in Urologic Oncology, 18: 214, 2000

D’Amico, A. V.: Radiation and hormonal therapy for locally advanced and clinically localized prostate cancer. Urology, 60: 32, 2002

D’Amico, AV et al. 6-month androgen suppression plus radiation therapy vs. radiation therapy alone for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 292: 821, 2004

Eggener, S. E., Roehl, K. A., Yossepowitch, O. et al.: Pre-diagnosis prostate specific antigen velocity is associated with risk of prostate cancer progression following brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy. Journal of Urology 176: 1399, 2006

Frank, SJ et al. Interstitial implant alone or in combination with external beam radiation therapy for intermediate-risk prostate cancer: a survey of practice patterns in the United States. Brachy-Therapy, 6: 2, 2007

Frank, S. J., Pisters, L. L., Davis, J. et al.: An assessment of quality of life following radical prostatectomy, high-dose external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy iodine implantation as monotherapies for localized prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 177: 128, 2007

Haliloglu, A., Baltaci, S., Yaman, O.: Penile length changes in men treated with androgen suppression plus radiation therapy for local or locally advanced prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 177: 128, 2007

Kao, J et al.: Sparing of the penile bulb and proximal penile structures with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer. British Journal of Radiology, 77: 129, 2004

Lai, S et al.: Radiation therapy in non-surgically-treated non-metastatic prostate cancer: geographic and demographic variation. Urology, 57: 510, 2001

Montie, J. E.: Follow-up after radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Urologic Clinics of North America, 21: 673, 1994

Montie, J. E, Hussain, M.: Outcomes for radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: what really matters? BJU International, 100: 485, 2007

Mulhall, JP et al.: Radiation exposure to the corporeal bodies during 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer. Journal of Urology 167: 539, 2002

Ohebshalom, M., Parker, M., Guhring, P. et al.: The efficacy of sildenafil citrate following radiation therapy for prostate cancer: temporal considerations. Journal of Urology 174: 258, 2005

Patel, A. R., Sandler, H. M., Pienta, K. J.: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 0521: a phase III randomized trial of androgen suppression and radiation therapy versus androgen suppression and radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy with docetaxel/prednisone for localized, high-risk prostate cancer. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, 4: 212, 2005

Perez, C. A., Michalski, J. M., Mansur, D. et al.: Three-Dimensional conformal therapy versus standard radiation therapy in localized carcinoma of prostate: an update. Clinical Prostate Cancer, 1: 97, 2002

Pollack, J. M.: Radiation therapy options in the treatment of prostate cancer. Cancer Investigation, 18: 66, 2000

Potters, L.: Nomograms for clinically localized prostate cancer. Part II: radiation therapy. Seminars in Urologic Oncology, 20: 131, 2002

Potters, L., Freeman, K.: Prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy, or brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. Journal of the American Medical Association, 281: 1584; author reply 1585, 1989

Roach, M., DeSilvio, M., Valicenti, R. et al.: Whole-pelvis, “mini-pelvis,” or prostate-only external beam radio-therapy after neoadjuvant and concurrent hormonal therapy in patients treated in the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 9413 trial. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology and Physics, 66: 647, 2006

Roach, M., Lu, J., Pilepich, M. V. et al.: Race and survival of men treated for prostate cancer on radiation therapy oncology group phase III randomized trials. Journal of Urology, 169: 245, 2003

Sanchez-Ortiz, R. F., Broderick, G. A., Rovner, E. S. et al.: Erectile function and quality of life after interstitial radiation therapy for prostate cancer. International Journal of Impotence Research, 12 Suppl 3: S18, 2000

Stein, M. E., Boehmer, D., Kuten, A.: Radiation therapy in prostate cancer. Cancer Research, 175: 179, 2007

Stephenson, A. J., Scardino, P. T., Kattan, M. W. et al.: Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25: 2035, 2007

Sylvester, J et al.: Short-course androgen ablation combined with external-beam radiation therapy and low-dose-rate permanent brachytherapy in early-stage prostate cancer: a matched sub set analysis. Molecular Urology, 4: 155, 2000

Sylvester, J et al.: Neoadjuvant Androgen Ablation Combined with External-Beam Radiation Therapy and Permanent Interstitial Brachytherapy Boost in Localized Prostate Cancer. Molecular Urology, 3: 231, 1999

Valicenti, R. K., Bissonette, E. A., Chen, C. et al.: Longitudinal comparison of sexual function after 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy or prostate brachytherapy. Journal of Urology, 168: 2499, 2002

Valicenti, RK et al.: RTOG 94-06: is the addition of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy to dose-escalated 3D conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer associated with treatment toxicity? International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 57: 614, 2003

Yeoh, E et al. Hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma: updated results of a phase III randomized trial. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 66: 1072, 2006

Yonemoto, L. T., Slater, J. D., Rossi, C. J., Jr. et al.: Combined proton and photon conformal radiation therapy for locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate: preliminary results of a phase I/II study. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 37: 21, 1997

Yuen, J., Rodrigues, G., Trenka, K. et al.: Comparing two strategies of dynamic intensity modulated radiation therapy (dIMRT) with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) in the hypofractionated treatment of high-risk prostate cancer. Radiation Oncology, 3: 1, 2008

Zelefsky, MJ et al. High-dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer: early toxicity and biochemical outcome in 772 patients. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 53: 1111, 2002

Zietman, AL et al. 10-year outcome for men with localized prostate cancer treated with external radiation therapy: results of a cohort study. Journal of Urology, 171: 210, 2004

Information on Erectile Dysfunction and Hormone Therapy

Bahnson, R.: Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 178: 1148, 2007

Berthelet, E., Pickles, T., Lee, K. W. et al.: Long-term androgen deprivation therapy improves survival in prostate cancer patients presenting with prostate-specific antigen levels > 20 ng/mL. International Journal Of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, 63: 781, 2005

Black, P. C., Basen-Engquist, K., Wang, X. et al.: A randomized prospective trial evaluating testosterone, hemoglobin kinetics and quality of life, during and after 12 months of androgen deprivation after prostatectomy: results from the Postoperative Adjuvant Androgen Deprivation trial. BJU International, 100: 63, 2007

Boccon-Gibod, L., Hammerer, P., Madersbacher, S. et al.: The role of intermittent androgen deprivation in prostate cancer. BJU International, 100: 738, 2007

Bylow, K., Mohile, S. G., Stadler, W. M. et al.: Does androgen-deprivation therapy accelerate the development of frailty in older men with prostate cancer?: a conceptual review. Cancer, 110: 2604, 2007

Chen, A. C., Petrylak, D. P.: Complications of androgen-deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer. Current Urology Reports, 6: 210, 2005

de Leval, J., Boca, P., Yousef, E. et al.: Intermittent versus continuous total androgen blockade in the treatment of patients with advanced hormone-naive prostate cancer: results of a prospective randomized multicenter trial. Clinical Prostate Cancer, 1: 163, 2002

Famili, P., Cauley, J. A., Greenspan, S. L.: The effect of androgen deprivation therapy on periodontal disease in men with prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 177: 921, 2007

Fridmans, A., Chertin, B., Koulikov, D. et al.: Reversibility of androgen deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 173: 784, 2005

Gomella, L. G.: Contemporary use of hormonal therapy in prostate cancer: managing complications and addressing quality-of–life issues. BJU International, 99 Suppl 1: 25, 2007

Gulley, J. L., Figg, W. D., Steinberg, S. M. et al.: A prospective analysis of the time to normalization of serum androgens following 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy in patients on a randomized phase III clinical trial using limited hormonal therapy. Journal of Urology 173: 1567, 2005

Haidar, A., Yassin, A., Saad, F. et al: Effects of androgen deprivation on glycemic control and jon cardiovascular biochemical risk factors in men with advanced prostate cancer with diabetes. Aging Male, 10: 189, 2000

Hanks, G. E., Pajak, T. F., Porter, A. et al.: Phase III trial of long-term adjuvant androgen deprivation after neoadjuvant hormonal cytoreduction and radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate: The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 92-02. Journal of Clinic Oncology, 21: 3972, 2003

Hellerstedt, B. A., Pienta, K. J.: The truth is out there: an overall perspective on androgen deprivation. Urologic Oncology, 21: 272, 2003

Holmes, L et al. Effectiveness of androgen deprivation therapy in prolonging survival of older men treated for locoregional prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Diseases, 10: 388, 2007

Hussain, SA et al. Immediate dual energy X-ray absorptiometry reveals a high incidence of osteoporosis in patients with advanced prostate cancer before hormonal manipulation. BJU International, 92: 690, 2003

Israeli, R. S., Ryan, C. W., Jung, L. L.: Managing bone loss in men with locally advanced prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy. Journal of Urology, 179: 414, 2008

Keating, M. L., O’Malley, A. J., McNaughton-Collins, M. et al.: Use of androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic prostate cancer in older men. BJU International, 2008

Kumar, S., Shelley, M., Harrison, C. et al.: Neo-adjuvant and adjuvant hormone therapy for localized and locally advanced prostate cancer. Cochrane Database Systematic Review: CD006019, 2006

Lamb, D. S., Denham, J. W., Mameghan, H. et al.: Acceptability of short-term neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer. Radiotherapy Oncology, 68: 255, 2003

Lopez, A. M., Pena, M. A., Hernandez, R. et al.: Fracture risk in patients with prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy. Osteoporosis International, 16: 707, 2005

Makarov, D. V., Humphreys, E. B., Mangold, L. A. et al.: The natural history of men treated with deferred androgen deprivation therapy in whom metastatic prostate cancer developed following radical prostatectomy. Journal of Urology, 179: 156, 2008

Miyamoto, H., Messing, E. M., Chang, C.: Does androgen deprivation improve treatment outcomes in patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk prostate cancer? Nature Clinical Practice Oncology, 2: 236, 2005

Opfermann, K. J., Lai, Z., Essenmacher, L. et al.: Intermittent hormone therapy in non-metastatic prostate cancer. Clinical Genitourinary Cancer, 5: 138, 2006

Polascik, P. J.: Bone health in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen-deprivation therapy: the role of bisphosphonates. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Diseases, 2007

Rashid, M. H., Chaudhary, U. B.: Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. Oncologist, 9: 295, 2004

Roach, M., 3^rd, Bae, K., Speight, J. et al.: Short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and external-beam radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: long-term results of RTOG 8610. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 26: 585, 2008

Ryan, C. J., Small, E. J.: Early versus delayed androgen deprivation for prostate cancer: new fuel for an old debate. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23: 8225, 2005

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Mulhall, J. P., Jahoda, A. E., Cairney, M. et al.: The causes of patient drop-out from penile self-injection therapy for impotence. Journal of Urology, 162: 1291, 1999

Perimenis, P., Gyftopoulos, K., Athanasopoulos, A. et al.: Diabetic impotence treated by intracavernosal injections: high treatment compliance and increasing dosage of vaso-active drugs. European Urology, 40: 398, 2001

Perimenis, P et al. Long-term treatment with intracavernosal injections in diabetic men with erectile dysfunction. Asian Journal of Andrology, 8: 219, 2006

Pierpaoli, S. M., Mulhall, J. P.: A positive urine opiate screen following intracavernosal papaverine injection. Journal of Urology, 159: 1299, 1998

Purvis, K., Egdetveit, I., Christiansen, E.: Intracavernosal therapy for erectile failure-impact of treatment and reasons for drop-out and dissatisfaction. International Journal of Impotence Research, 11: 287, 1999

Rowland, DL et al. Intracavernosal self-injection therapy in men with erectile dysfunction: satisfaction and attrition in 119 patients. International Journal of Impotence Research, 11: 145, 1999

Shokeir, A. A., Alserafi, M. A., Mutabagani, H.: Intracavernosal versus intraurethral alprostadil: a prospective randomized study. BJU International, 83: 812, 1999

Szasz, G., Stevenson, R. W., Lee, L. et al.: Induction of penile erection by intracavernosal injection: a double-blind comparison of phenoxybenzamine versus papaverine-phentolamine versus saline. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 16: 371, 1987

van der Windt, F., Dohle, G. R., van der Tak, J. et al.: Intracavernosal injection therapy with and without sexological counseling in men with erectile dysfunction. BJU International, 89: 901, 2002

Virag, R.: Intracavernous injection of papaverine for erectile failure. Lancet, 2: 938, 1982

Virag, R.: Comments from Ronald Virag on intracavernous injection: 25 years later. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2: 289, 2005

Willke, R. J., Glick, H. A., McCarron, T. J. et al.: Quality of life effects of alprostadil therapy for erectile dysfunction. Journal of Urology, 157: 2124, 1997

Information on Erectile Dysfunction and Vacuum Devices

Aloui, R., Iwaz, J., Kokkidis, M. J. et al.: A new vacuum device as alternative treatment for impotence. British Journal of Urology, 70: 652, 1992

Bosshardt, R. J., Farwerk, R., Sikora, R. et al.: Objective measurement of the effectiveness, therapeutic success and dynamic mechanisms of the vacuum device. British Journal of Urology, 75: 786, 1995

Bratton, R. L., Cassidy, H. D.: Vacuum erection device use in elderly men a possible severe complication. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice, 15: 501, 2002

Broderick, G. A., Allen, G., McClure, R. D.: Vacuum tumescence device the role of papaverine in the selection of patients. Journal of Urology, 145: 284, 1991

Broderick, G. A., McGahan, J. P., Stone, A. R. et al.: The hemodynamics of vacuum constriction erections: assessment by color Doppler ultrasound. Journal of Urology, 147: 57, 1992

Chen, J., Godschalk, M. F., Katz, P. G. et al.: Combining intracavernous injections and external vacuum as treatment for erectile dysfunction. Journal of Urology, 153: 1476, 1995

Chen, J., Mabjeesh, N. J., Greenstein, A.: Sildenafil versus the vacuum erection device: patient preference. Journal of Urology, 166: 1779, 2001

Dall’era, J. E., Mills, J. N., Koul, H. K. et al.: Penile rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: important therapy or wishful thinking? Reviews in Urology, 8: 209, 2006

Derouet, H., Caspari, D., Rohde, V. et al.: Treatment of erectile dysfunction with external vacuum devices. Andrologia, 31 Suppl 1: 89, 1999

Dutta, T. C., Eid, J. F.: Vacuum constriction devices for erectile dysfunction: a long-term, prospective study of patients with mild, moderate, and severe dysfunction. Urology, 54: 891, 1999

Ganem, J. P., Lucey, D. T., Janosko, E. O. et al.: Unusual complications of the vacuum erection device. Urology, 51: 627, 1998

Gilbert, H. W., Gingell, J. C.: Vacuum constriction devices: second-line conservative treatment for impotence. British Journal of Urology, 70: 81, 1992

Glugla, M., Draznin, B.: Treatment of impotence with vacuum-operated erection assistance device. Diabetes Care, 11: 445, 1998

Gontero, P., Fontana, F., Zitella, A. et al.: A prospective evaluation of efficacy and compliance with a multistep treatment approach for erectile dysfunction in patients after non-nerve sparing radical prostatectomy. BJU International, 95: 359, 2005

Hakim, L. S., Munarriz, R. M., Kulaksizoglu, H. et al.: Vacuum erection associated impotence and Peyronie’s disease. Journal of Urology, 155: 534, 1996

Katz, P. G., Haden, H. T., Mulligan, T. et al.: The effect of vacuum devices on penile hemodynamics. Journal of Urology, 143: 55, 1990

Kava, B. R.: Advances in the Management of Post-Radical Prostatectomy Erectile Dysfunction: Treatment Strategies When PDE-5 Inhibitors Don’t Work. Reviews in Urology, 7 Suppl 2: S39, 2005

Kendirci, M., Bejma, J., Hellstrom, W. J.: Update on erectile dysfunction in prostate cancer patients. Current Opinion in Urology, 16:186, 2006

Kim, J. H., Carson, C. C., 3^rd: Development of Peyronie’s disease with the use of a vacuum constriction device.  Journal of Urology, 149: 1314, 1993

Kohler, T. S., Pedro, R., Hendlin, K. et al.: A pilot study on the early use of the vacuum erection device after radical retropubic prostatectomy. BJU International, 100: 858, 2007

Korenman, S. G., Viosca, S. P.: Use of a vacuum tumescence device in the management of impotence in men with a history of penile implant or severe pelvic disease. Journal of the American Geriatric Society, 40: 61, 1992

Levine, L. A.: External devices for treatment of erectile dysfunction. Endocrine, 23: 157, 2004

Levine, L. A., Dimitriou, R. J.: Vacuum constriction and external erection devices in erectile dysfunction. Urologic Clinics of North America, 28: 335, 2001

Lewis, R. W., Witherington, R.: External vacuum therapy for erectile dysfunction: use and results. World Journal of Urology, 15:78, 1997

Marmar, J., L., DeBenedictis, T. J., Praiss, D. E.: The use of a vacuum constrictor device to augment a partial erection following an intracavernous injection. Journal of Urology, 140: 975, 1988

McMahon, C. G.: Nonsurgical treatment of cavernosal venous leakage. Urology, 49: 97, 1997

Miles, C. L., Candy, B., Jones, L. et al.: Interventions for sexual dysfunction following treatments for cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD005540, 2007

Oakley, N., Moore, K. T.: Vacuum devices in erectile dysfunction: indications and efficacy. British Journal of Urology, 82: 673, 1998

Raina, R., Agarwal, A., Ausmundson, S. et al.: Early use of vacuum constriction device following radical prostatectomy facilities early sexual activity and potentially earlier return of erectile function. International Journal of Impotence Research, 18: 77, 2006

Salvatore, F. T., Sharman, G. M., Hellstrom, W. J.: Vacuum constriction devices and the clinical urologist: an informed selection. Urology, 38: 323, 1991

Turner, L. A., Althof, S. E., Levine, S. B. et al.: External vacuum devices in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: a one-year study of sexual and psychosocial impact. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 17: 81, 1991

Information on Erectile Dysfunction and Penile Implants

Akin-Olugbade, O et al.: Determinants of patient satisfaction following penile prosthesis surgery. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 3: 743, 2006

Anastasiadis, A. G., Wilson, S. K., Burchardt, M. et al.: Long-term outcomes of inflatable penile implants: reliability, patient satisfaction and complication management. Current Opinion Urology, 11: 619, 2001

Brinkman, MJ et al. A survey of patients with inflatable penile prostheses for satisfaction. Journal of Urology, 17: 253, 2005

Carson, C. C.: Penile prosthesis implantation: surgical implants in the era of oral medication. Urologic Clinics of North America, 32: 503, 2005

Cutando-Soriano, A., Galindo-Moreno, P.: Antibiotic prophylaxis in dental patients with body prostheses. Medicine Oral, 7: 348, 2002

Deveci, S., Martin, D., Parker, M. et al.: Penile length alterations following penile prosthesis surgery. European Urology, 51: 1128, 2007

Henry, G. D., Wilson, S. K., Delk, J. R., 2^nd et al.: Penile prosthesis cultures during revision surgery: a multicenter study. Journal of Urology, 173: 89, 2005

Ilbeigi, P., Sadeghi-Nejad, H., Kim, M.: Retained rear-tip extenders in re penile prothesis surgery: a case for heightened suspicion and thorough physical examination. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2: 149, 2005

Kumar, R., Nehra, A.: Dual implantation of penile and sphincter implants in the post-prostatectomy patient. Current Urology Reports, 8: 477, 2007

Milbank, A. J., Montague, D. K, Angermeier, K. W. et al.: Mechanical failure of the American Medical Systems Ultrex inflatable penile prosthesis: before and after 1993 structural modification. Journal of Urology, 167: 2502,  2002

Mireku-Boateng, A. O., Dennery, M., Littlejohn, J.: Use of sildenafil in penile implant patients. Urology International, 66: 149, 2001

Mireku-Boateng, A. O., Oben, F.: Surgical outcome of radical retropubic prostatectomy is not adversely affected by preexisting three-piece inflatable penile implant. Urology International, 74: 221, 2005

Montague, D. K., Angermeier, K. W.: Contemporary aspects of penile prosthesis implantation. Urology International, 70: 141, 2003

Montorsi, F., Deho, F., Salonia, A. et al.: Penile implants in the era of oral drug treatment for erectile dysfunction. BJU International, 94: 745, 2004

Mulcahy, J. J., Wilson, S. K.: Current use of penile implants in erectile dysfunction. Current Urology Reports, 7: 485, 2006

Mulhall, J., Ahmed, A., Anderson, M.: Penile prosthetic surgery for Peyronie’s disease: defining the need for intra-operative adjuvant maneuvers. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 1: 318, 2004

Mulhall, J. P.,  Ahmed, ., Branch, J. et al.: Serial assessment of efficacy and satisfaction profiles following penile prosthesis surgery. Journal of Urology, 169: 1429, 2003

Mulhall, J. P., Bloom, K.: Comparison of in-patient and out-patient penile prosthesis surgery. International Journal of Impotence Research, 13: 251, 2001

Pescatori, E. S., Goldstein, I.: Intraluminal device pressures in 3-piece inflatable penile prostheses: the “pathophysiology” of mechanical malfunction. Journal of Urology, 149: 295, 1993

Rajpurkar, A., Bianco, F. F., Jr., Al-Omar, O. et al.: Fate of the retained reservoir after replacement of 3-piece penile prosthesis. Journal of Urology, 172: 664, 2004

Rhee, E. Y.: Technique for concomitant implantation of the penile prosthesis with the male sling Journal of Urololgy, 173: 925, 2005

Wilson, S. K., Cleves, M. A., Delk, J. R., 2^nd: Ultrex cylinders: problems with uncontrolled lengthening (the S-shaped deformity). Journal of Urology, 155: 135, 1996

Wilson, S. K., Cleves, M. A., Delk, J. R., 2^nd: Comparison of mechanical reliability of original and enhanced Mentor Alpha I penile prosthesis. Journal of Urology, 162: 715, 1999

Wilson, S. K., Delk, J. R., 2^nd, Mulcahy, J. J. et al.: Upsizing of inflatable penile implant cylinders in patients with corporal fibrosis. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 3: 736, 2006

Wilson, S. K., Delk, J. R., Salem, E. A. et al.: Long-term survival of inflatable penile prostheses: single surgical group experience with 2,384 time implants spanning two decades. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4: 2007

Wilson, S. K., Henry, G. D., Delk, J. R., Jr. et al.: The mentor Alpha 1 penile prosthesis with reservoir lock-out valve: effective prevention auto-inflation with improved capability for ectopic reservoir placement. Journal of Urology, 168: 1475, 2002

Wilson, S. K., Zumbe, J., Henry, G. D. et al.: Infection reduction using antibiotic-coated inflatable penile prosthesis. Urology, 70: 337, 2007

Future Therapies for Sexual Problems

Baumhakel, M., Werner, N., Bohm, M. et al.: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells correlate with erectile function in patients with coronary heart disease. European Heart Journal, 27: 2184, 2006

Bella, A. J., Lin, G., Cagiannos, I. et al.: Emerging neuromodulatory molecules for the treatment of neurogenic erectile dysfunction caused by cavernous nerve injury. Asian Journal of Andrology, 10: 54, 2008

Bennett, N. E., Kim, J. H., Wolfe, D. P. et al.: Improvement in erectile dysfunction after neurotrophic factor gene therapy in diabetic rats. Journal of Urology, 173: 1820, 2005

Bivalacqua, T. J., Deng, W., Kendirci, M. et al.: Mesenchymal stem cells alone or ex vivo gene modified with endothelial nitric oxide synthase reverse age-associated erectile dysfunction. American Journal of Physiology of the Heart and Circulatory Physiol, 292: H1278, 2007

Bivalacqua, T. J., Strong, T. D.: The use of gene transfer technology to study the pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction. Journal Sexual Medicine, 5: 268, 2008

Bivalacqua, T. J., Usta, M. F., Champion, H. C. et al.: Gene transfer of endothelial nitric oxide synthase partially restores nitric oxide synthesis and erectile function in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Journal of Urology, 169: 1911, 2003

Briganti, A., Chun, F. K., Salonia, A. et al.: A comparative review of apomorphine formulations for erectile dysfunction: recommendations for use in the elderly. Drugs Aging, 23: 309, 2006

Brock, G.: The evolution of ED therapy in the 21^st century. European Urology, 50: 1157, 2006

Burnett, A. L.: Neuroprotection and nerve grafts in the treatment of neurogenic erectile dysfunction. Journal of Urology, 170: S31, 2003

Burnett, A. L., Kramer, M. F., Dalrymple, S. et al.: Nonimmunosuppressant immunophilin ligand GPI-1046 does not promote in vitro growth of prostate cancer cells. Urology, 65: 1003, 2005

Burnett, A. L., Lue, T. F.: Neuromodulatory therapy to improve erectile function recovery outcomes after pelvic surgery. Journal of Urology, 176: 882, 2006

Carson, C. C., 3^rd: Central nervous system-acting agents and the treatment of erectile and sexual dysfunction. Current Urology Reports, 8: 472, 2007

Chancellor, M. B., Tirney, S., Mattes, C. E. et al.: Nitric oxide synthase gene transfer for erectile dysfunction in a rat model. BJU International, 91: 691, 2003

Chen, Y., Li, S. X., Yao, L. S. et al.: Valsartan treatment reverses erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats. Int J Impot Res, 19: 366, 2007

Christ, G. J.: Gene therapy: future strategies and therapies. Drugs Today (Barc), 36: 175, 2000

Christ, G. J.: Frontiers in gene therapy for erectile dysfunction. International Journal of Impotence Research, 15 Suppl 5: S33, 2003

Christ, G. J.: Gene therapy treatments for erectile and bladder dysfunction. Current Urology Reports, 5: 52, 2004

Christ, G. J.: siRNA for erectile dysfunction. Journal of Urology, 174: 819, 2005

Dean, R. C., Lue, T. F.: Neuroregenerative strategies after radical prostatectomy. Reviews in Urology, 7 Suppl 2: S26, 2005

Deng, W., Bivalacqua, T. J., Hellstrom, W. J. et al.: Gene and stem cell therapy for erectile dysfunction. International Journal of Impotence Research, 17 Suppl 1: S57, 2005

Diamond, L. E., Earle, D. C., Garcia, W. D. et al.: Co-administration of low doses of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, and sildenafil to men with erectile dysfunction results in an enhanced erectile response. Urology, 65: 755, 2005

Diamond, L. E., Earle, D. C., Rosen, R. C. et al.: Double-blind, placebo controlled evaluation of the safety, pharmacokinetic properties and pharmacodynamic effects of intranasal PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy males and patients with mild-to-moderate erectile dysfunction. International Journal of Impotence Research, 16: 51, 2004

Donatucci, C. F., Greenfield, J. M.: Recovery of sexual function after prostate cancer treatment. Current Opinion in Urology, 16: 444, 2006

Fadini, G. P., Agostini, C., Avogaro, A.: Endothelial progenitor cells and erectile dysfunction. European Heart Journal, 28: 639, 2007

Foresta, C., Caretta, N., Lana, A. et al.: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in subjects with erectile dysfunction. International Journal of Impotence Research, 17: 288, 2005

Foresta, C., Ferlin, A., De Toni, L. et al.: Circulating endothelial progenitor cells and endothelial function after chronic tadalafil treatment in subjects with erectile dysfunction. International Journal of Impotence Research, 18: 484, 2006

Gholami, S. S., Rogers, R., Chang, J. et al.: The effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and adeno-associated virus-mediated brain-derived neurotrophic factor on neurogenic and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction induced by hyperlipidemia. Journal of Urology, 169: 1577, 2003

Giuliano, F.: Control of penile erection by the melanocortinergic system: experimental evidences and therapeutic perspectives. Journal of Andrology, 25: 683, 2004

Gontero, P., D’Antonio, R., Pretti, G. et al.: Clinical efficacy of Apomorphine SL in erectile dysfunction of diabetic men. International Journal of Impotence Research, 17: 80, 2005

Gonzalez-Cadavid, N. F., Rajfer, J.: Therapy of erectile dysfunction: potential future treatments. Endocrine, 23: 167, 2004

Hadley, M. E., Dorr, R. T.: Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization. Peptides, 27: 921, 2006

Hagemann, J. H., Berding, G., Bergh, S. et al.: Effects of visual sexual stimuli and apomorphine SL on cerebral activity in men with erectile dysfunction. European Urology, 43: 412, 2003

Hatzimouratidis, K., Hatzichristou, D. G.: Looking to the future for erectile dysfunction therapies. Drugs, 68: 231, 2008

Hedlund, P.: PT-141 Palatin. Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs, 456, 2004

Jiang, R., Chen, J. H., Jin, J. et al.: Ultrastructural comparison of penile cavernous tissue between hypertensive and normotensive rats. International Journal of Impotence Research, 17: 417, 2005

Kendirci, M., Teloken, P. E., Champion, H. C. et al.: Gene therapy for erectile dysfunction: fact or fiction? European Urology, 50: 1208, 2006

King, S. H., Mayorov, A. V., Balse-Srinivasan P. et al.: Melanocortin receptors, melanotropic peptides and penile erection. Current Topics in Medical Chemistry, 7: 1098, 2007

Melman, A.: Gene transfer for the therapy of erectile dysfunction: progress in the 21^st century. International Journal of Impotence Research, 18: 19, 2006

Melman, A., Bar-Chama, N., McCullough, A. et al.: hMaxi-K gene transfer in males with erectile dysfunction: results of the first human trial. Human Gene Therapy, 17: 1165, 2006

Mills, J. N., Barqawi, A., Koul, S. et al.: The molecular basis of erectile dysfunction: from bench to bedside. Reviews in Urology, 7: 128, 205

Mills, J. N., Dall’Era, J. E., Carlsen, S. N. et al.: Gene therapy for erectile dysfunction. Pharmacogenomics, 8: 979, 2007

Molinoff, P. B., Shadiack, A. M., Earle, D. et al.: PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. Ann New York Academy of Sciences, 994: 96, 2003

Mulhall, J.: Neuroimmunophilin ligands protect cavernous nerves after crush injury in the rat: new experimental paradigms. European Urology, 51: 1488, 2007

Nossaman, B. D., Gur, S., Kadowitz, P. J.: Gene and stem cell therapy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension; potential treatments for the common problem of endothelial dysfunction. Current  Gene Therapy, 7: 131, 2007

Perimenis, P., Markou, S., Gyftopoulos, K. et al.: Efficacy of apomorphine and sildenafil in men with nonarteriogenic erectile dysfunction. A comparative crossover study. Andrologia, 36: 106, 2004

Pfaus, J., Giuliano, F., Gelez, H.: Bremelanotide: an overview of preclinical CNS effects of female sexual function.  Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4 Suppl 4: 269, 2007

Rajfer, J.: Growth factors and gene therapy for erectile dysfunction. Reviews in Urology, 2: 34, 2000

Rogers, R. S., Graziottin, T. M., Lin, C. S. et al.: Intracavernosal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection and adeno-associated virus-mediated VEGF gene therapy prevent and reverse venogenic erectile dysfunction in rats. International Journal of Impotence Research, 15: 26, 2003

Rosen, R. C., Diamond, L. E., Earle, D. C. et al.: Evaluation of the safe pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of subcutaneously administered PT-141, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in healthy male subjects and in patients with an inadequate response to Viagra. International Journal of Impotence Research, 16: 135, 2004

Schiff, J. D., Mulhall, J. P.: Neuroprotective strategies in radical prostatectomy. BJU International, 95: 11, 2005

Schultheiss, D.: Regenerative medicine in andrology: Tissue engineering and gene therapy as potential treatment options for penile deformation and erectile dysfunction. European Urology, 46: 162, 2004

Sezen, S. F., Hoke, A., Burnett, A. L. et al.: Immunophilin ligand FK50 neuroprotective for penile innervation. Nature Medicine, 7: 1073, 2000

Sievert, K. D., Amend, B., Stenzl, A.: Tissue engineering for the lower urinary tract: a review of a state-of-the-art approach. European Urology, 1580, 2007

Sommer, F., Engelmann, U.: Future options for combination therapy in the management of erectile dysfunction in older men. Drugs Aging, 21: 5, 2004

Strong, T. D., Gebska, M. A., Burnett, A. L. et al.: Endothelium-specific gene and stem cell-based therapy for erectile dysfunction. Asian Journal of Andrology, 10: 14, 2008

Uthayathas, S., Karuppagounder, S. S., Tamer, S. I. et al.: Evaluation of neuroprotective and anti-fatigue effects of sildenafil. Life Sciences, 84: 988, 2007

Valentine, H., Chen, Y., Guo, H. et al.: Neuroimmunophilin ligands protect cavernous nerves after crush injury in the rat: new experimental paradigms. European Urology, 51: 1724, 2007

Xie, D., Annex, B. H., Donatucci, C. F.: Growth factors for therapeutic angiogenesis in hypercholesterolemic erectile dysfunction. Asian Journal of Andrology, 10: 23, 2008

Yetik-Anacak, G., Catravas, J. D.: Nitric oxide and the endothelium: history and impact on cardiovascular disease. Vascular Pharmacology, 45: 268, 2006

Information on Erectile Dysfunction and Testosterone

Agarwal, P. K., Oefelein, M. G.: Testosterone replacement therapy after primary treatment for prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 173: 533, 2005

Baum, N. H., Torti, D. C.: Managing hot flashes in men being treated for prostate cancer. Geriatrics, 62: 18, 2007

Bohle, A.: Preoperative serum testosterone level as an independent predictor of treatment failure following radical prostatectomy. International Brazilian Journal of Urology, 33: 731, 2007

Crawford, E. D., Barqawi, A. B., O’Donnell, C. et al.: The association of time of day and serum testosterone concentration in a large screening population. BJU International, 100: 509, 2007

Ebling, D. W., Ruffer, J., Whittington, R. et al.: Development of prostate cancer after pituitary dysfunction: a report of 8 patients. Urology, 49: 564, 1997

Eskelinen, S. I., Vahlberg, T. J., Isoaho, R. E. et al.: Associations of sex hormone concentrations with health and life satisfaction in elderly men. Endocrine Practice, 13: 743, 2007

Gleave, M., Qian, J., Andreou, C. et al.: The effects of the dual 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride on localized prostate cancer-results from a 4-month pre-radical prostatectomy study. Prostate, 66: 1674, 2006

Heracek, J., Richard, H., Martin, H. et al.: Tissue and serum levels of principal androgens in benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Steroids, 72: 375, 2007

Hoffman, M. A., DeWolf, W. C., Morgentaler, A.: Is low serum free testosterone a marker for high-grade prostate cancer? Journal of Urology, 163: 824, 2000

Isom-Batz, G., Bianco, F. J., Jr., Kattan, M. W. et al.: Testosterone as a predictor of pathological stage in clinically localized prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 173: 1935, 2005

Katz, A., Katz, A., Burchill, C.: Androgen therapy: testing before prescribing and monitoring during therapy. Canadian Family Physician, 53: 1936, 2007

Kaufman, J. M., Graydon, R. J.: Androgen replacement after curative radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer in hypogonadal men. Journal of Urology, 172, 920, 2004

Lazarou, S., Reyes-Vallejo, L., Morgentaler A.: Wide variability in laboratory reference values for serum testosterone. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 3: 1085, 2006

Loughlin, K. R.: Testosterone replacement therapy. A rush to judgment Journal of Urology, 172: 827, 2004

Madersbacher, S., Schatzl, G., Bieglmayer, C. et al.: Impact of radical prostatectomy and TURP on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal hormone axis. Urology, 60: 869, 2002

Massengill, J. C., Sun, L., Moul, J. W. et al.: Pretreatment total testosterone level predicts pathological stage in patients with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. Journal of Urology, 169: 1670, 2003

Miller, L. R., Partin, A. W., Chan, D. W. et al.: Influence of radical protectomy on serum hormone levels. Journal of Urology, 160: 449, 1998

Morgentaler, A.: Testosterone and prostate cancer: an historical perspective on a modern myth. European Urology, 50: 935, 2006

Morgentaler, A.: Testosterone replacement therapy and prostate risks: where’s the beef? Canadian Journal of Urology, 13 Suppl 1: 40, 2006

Morgentaler, A.: Testosterone deficiency and prostate cancer: emerging ognition of an important and troubling relationship. European Urology, 52: 623, 2007

Morgentaler, A,: Cultural biases and scientific squabbles: the challenges acceptance of testosterone therapy as a mainstream medical treatment. Aging Male, 10: 1, 2007

Morgentaler, A., Rhoden, E. L.: Prevalence of prostate cancer among hypogonadal men with prostate-specific antigen levels of 4.0 ng/mL less. Urology, 68: 1263, 2006

Reyes-Vallejo, L., Lazarou, S., Morgentaler, A.: Subjective sexual response to testosterone replacement therapy based on initial serum levels of the testosterone. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 4: 1757, 2007

Rhoden, E. L., Morgentaler, A.: Testosterone replacement therapy in hypogonadal men at high risk for prostate cancer: results of 1 year of treatment in men with prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Journal of Urology, 170: 2348, 2003

Rhoden, E. L., Morgentaler, A.: Treatment of testosterone-induced gymcomastia with the aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole. International Journal of Impotence Research, 16: 95, 2004

Rhoden, E. L., Morgentaler, A.: Risks of testosterone-replacement therapy and recommendations for monitoring. New England Journal of Medicine, 350: 482, 2004

Saad, F., Gooren, L., Haider, A. et al.: Effects of testosterone gel followed by parental testosterone undecanoate on sexual dysfunction and on features of the metabolic syndrome. Andrologia, 40: 44, 2008

San Francisco, I. F., Regan, M. M., Dewolf, W. C. et al.: Low age adjusted free testosterone levels correlate with poorly differentiated prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 175: 1341, 2006

Shariat, S. F., Lamb, D. J., Roehrborn, C. G. et al.: Potentially harmful effect of a testosterone dietary supplement on prostate cancer growth and metastasis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168: 235, 2008

Spark, R. F.: Testosterone, diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome. Current Urology Reports, 8: 467, 2007

Syme, D. B., Corcoran, N. M., Bouchier-Hayes, D. M. et al.: The effect of androgen status on the structural and functional success of cavernous nerve grafting in an experimental rat model. Journal of Urology, 177: 390, 2007

Teloken, C., Da Ros, C. T., Caraver, F. et al.: Low serum testosterone levels are associated with positive surgical margins in radical retropubic prostatectomy: hypogonadism represents bad prognosis in prostate cancer. Journal of Urology, 174: 2178, 2005

Weiss, J M et al.: Endogenous sex hormones and the risk of prostate cancer: A prospective study. International Journal of Cancer, 2008

Yamamoto, S et al.: Preoperative serum testosterone level as an independent predictor of treatment failure following  radical prostatectomy. European Urology, 52: 696, 2007

Yang, XJ et al. Does long-term finasteride therapy affect the histologic features of benign prostatic tissue and prostate cancer on needle biopsy? PLESS Study Group. Proscar Long-Term Efficacy and safety Study. Urology, 53: 696, 1999

Zhang, P. L., Rosen, S., Veeramachaneni, R. et al.: Association between prostate cancer and serum testosterone levels. Prostate, 53: 179, 2002

Restoring Your Sex Life

Althof, S. E., Leiblum, S. R., Chevret-Measson, M. et al.: Psychological and interpersonal dimensions of sexual function and dysfunction. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2: 793, 2005

Alterowitz, R., Alterowitz, B. Intimacy with impotence. First DaCapo Long Books, Cambridge, Massachussets, 2004

Alterowitz, R., Alterowitz, B. The lovin’ ain’t over: a couple’s guide to better sex after prostate disease. Health Education Literary Publisher, Westbury, New York

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